Process v.s Procedure


A process is any series of actions or operations viewed as a whole, with a start and a finish
A process may not even have steps but may simply be a continuum (the process of fermentation, etc.). 

procedure is a series of actions or operations viewed as discrete steps

Additionally, a process is often something one observes, whereas a procedure is something one executes.

Procedure
(1)手续、步骤 
Procedure表达此意的时候,表示固定的、已经成为常规的含义
 ED:~in production(生产过程里的步骤肯定是一定的、固定的、常规的)
对比:Process的第(2)条
(2)传统的做法、常规 
这条的意思影响了第(1)条的含义
EG:company ~s(公司的规矩)


Process
(1)过程、变化过程 
(强调一种动态的变化)EG:the process of digestion 
(2)步骤、程序、工序、制作方法 
和Procedure相比较:
1.Procedure除了有“固定的、常规的”含义外,还强调一步一步的
过程,一条一条的规则,是微观的
2.Process 则比较宏观,比较抽象,强调的只是“方法、步骤”这个
概念
EG:develop a new ~ of dyeing(创造一种新的染色法)
另外,从Process的词组也可以更清晰的辨析:
in the process of time随着时间的推移(动态的、过程中的)
如果硬要说in the procedure of time那么就好象是时间是分步
进行的,有人计划好了这一分钟是第1步,会发生什么;下一分钟
是第2步,又会发生什么 。那太可怕了~~~

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